King Lear Essay

In William Shakespeare’s outstanding play, â€Å"King Lear†, we witness the break down in Britain that is a tragedy. The title character King Lear is the person who should to be blamed. The first crucial event triggers this tragedy is that King Lear banishes his little daughter, Cordelia from the Kingdom. The king of France, who has courted Cordelia, says that he still wants to marry her even without her land, and she accompanies him to France without her father’s blessing. Then King Lear other two daughters Regan and Goneril, take over his power and realm, their true natures surface at once. King Lear goes to live with Goneril at first, but she reveals that she plans to treat him like the old man he is while he is under her roof. So Lear decides to stay instead with his other daughter, and he sends Kent ahead to deliver a letter to Regan, preparing her for his arrival. However, Lear realizes that Regan is conspiring with her sister against him. Unable to believe that his beloved daughters are betraying him, Lear slowly goes insane. This event lets King Lear learn that he made a bad decision, he should not trust his two corrupt and deceitful daughters. Lastly, news arrives that Cordelia has raised an army of French troops that have landed at Dover. Regan and Goneril ready their troops to fight and they head to Dover. Unfortunately, Cordelia has been defeated. The result has come, it’s Cordelia’s death. Lear finally dies out of grief at Cordelia’s passing. King Lear has only himself to blame for the whole tragedy.

the International Financial Reporting Standard in the uk

International Financial Reporting Standards are a set of regulations issued by the International Accounting Standard Board, an independent organic structure located in London, United Kingdom. In the period 1973-2000, the International Accounting Standard Board ( IASB ) and the International Accounting Standard Committee ( IASC ) , an organisation formed in 1973 by professional accounting organic structures in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, United Kingdom and Ireland, and the United States, issued the international criterions. Those criterions were known during the mentioned period as the International Accounting Standards ( IAS ) ( Ball 2005 ) . From April 2001onwards, the IASB became the functionary organic structure for publishing regulations and criterions sing accounting and fiscal issues under IFRS. At the same clip, IAS which issued by the International Accounting Standard Committee ( IASC ) are still acceptable by the IASB ( Ball 2005 ) . Harmonizing to the International Accounting Standard Board, since 2001 at least 120 states have required or permitted the acceptance of IFRS. In 2002, the European Union launched that all EU states ‘ listed companies must fix themselves to follow IFRS from 2005. In 2003, the first IFRS1 issued by IASB â€Å" first-time acceptance â€Å" and the undermentioned states commit themselves to follow the IFRS ( Australia, Hong Kong, New Zealand and South Africa ) . In 2005, In Europe about 7,000 listed houses in 25 states at the same time change to IFRSs. US Security Exchange Committee Chief Accountant issues ‘roadmap ‘ depicting stairss towards the remotion of the rapprochement demands by 2009. 2006, China adopts accounting criterions well in line with IFRSs in order to acquire full convergence after the Memorandum of Understanding has been made between IASB and FASB for progressing convergence of IFRSs and US GAAP. In 2007, Brazil, Canada, Chile, India, Japan and Korea all launch a day of the month to follow or meet with IFRSs. In 2008, Israel, Malaysia and Mexico to follow IFRSs and United States issues ‘roadmap ‘ for IFRS acceptance, update of IASB-FASB Memorandum of Understanding released and IASB paths complete response to the fiscal crisis. The completion of first portion of Constitution Review by IASCF was in 2009, besides the IASB increased members to 16 by 2012. Study overview: This survey will concentrate on the impact of implementing IFRS on UK listed companies through statistical analysis, mensurating the differences of fiscal ratios before and after the acceptance of IFRS. Then the survey will analyze the balance sheet and income statement points in order to research the grounds for differences in fiscal ratios and so analyze which of the IFRSs that made these differences. The fiscal ratios will be used in this survey are: The profitableness ratios: operating net income border ( OPM ) , return on equity ( ROE ) and return on invested capital ( ROIC ) . Leverage: measured by equity ratio ( ER ) and pitching ratio ( GR ) . Liquidity ratios: current ratio ( CR ) and speedy ratio ( QR ) . Market-based ratio: monetary value to net incomes ratio ( PE ) .Research Problems:This survey will be trying to analyze the followers: The effects that may ensue from altering describing criterion from the UK GAAP to the International Financial Reporting Standard. The survey will concentrate on fiscal ratios, specifically profitability ratios, fiscal purchase, liquidness ratios and the market-based ratio of the houses that adopt the IFRS and impacts of this acceptance.Purposes and Aims of the survey:This survey will turn to the research inquiry whether there is an impact on the public presentation of the companies that adopt IFRS alternatively of their local GAAPs. Further more, this survey is a attempt to add more literature to the 1s that already done in this country but on different states in order toRationale and Justification for the survey:The principle and the justification of this survey is an effort by the research worker to find whether if there is an impact on the cardinal fiscal ratios consequences when following the International Financial Reporting Standards. There are many literatures done about the issue of following IFRS and its impact on the public presentation of the houses. Such literatures tackle the topic from different point of position, but this survey will concentrate on analyzing the impact on fiscal ratios through statistical analysis.Methodology:This survey will analyze the impact of acceptance of IFRS on fiscal ratios of the listed houses in UK for the old ages 2002, 2003 and 2004 as the old ages before the compulsory acceptance in 2005, so the old ages 2006, 2007 and 2008 as the old ages after the acceptance. The s urvey will utilize the fiscal ratios for 30 listed houses in the UK. This research will follow the survey of Lantto & A ; Sahlstrom ( 2009 ) , where they analyse the differences between fiscal ratios before and after the transition from Finnish accounting criterions to IFRS. This survey will utilize the same methodological analysis on the UK houses and will prove the statistical significances of the differences, and analyze the major grounds for the differences before and after the transition.Research construction:Chapter one: debut Chapter two: differences and similarities between IFRS and UK GAAP Chapter three: research methodological analysis Chapter four: consequences Chapter five: decision and treatmentPlan of the Survey:The entry of the thesis will be on the of September 2010 and it will be finished in about four months get downing from June up to September and can be scheduled as follows:Literature Reappraisal:Many literatures have studied the impact of the acceptance of IFRS alternatively of national GAAPs in order to analyze the betterment of fiscal coverage. IFRS is established to minimise the spread between fiscal statements prepared under different national or domestic GAAPs. Lantto & A ; Sahlstrom ( 2009 ) analyze the impact of IFRS acceptance on cardinal fiscal ratios in Finland after transition from DAS to IFRS. Their survey conclude that there have been alterations in cardinal fiscal ratios of Finnish companies after the acceptance of IFRS perceptibly increasing in profitableness ratios and pitching ratios on one manus. On the other manus, they have found a decreasing in the PE, equity and speedy ratios. These additions in profitableness ratios and lessenings in PE ratio are due to the additions in the income statement net incomes. They refer that the remotion of the amortisation of purchased good will harmonizing to IFRS 3 is the chief ground for the noticeable increasing in the ratios of profitableness. They besides found that there is an addition in duty points and a lessening in stockholders equity and this will take to increase the fiscal purchase ratios. In add-on, the addition of the current liabilities made the liquidness ratios to diminish, w here Daske et Al ( 2008 ) examine the compulsory acceptance of ( IFRS ) and its effects on the economic system on different states over the universe. They analyze a sample of houses in 26 states in order to analyze the effects on market liquidness, cost of capital, and Tobin ‘s Q in these states. Their determination was, on mean, market liquidness increases around the clip of the debut of IFRS which contradict Lantto & A ; Sahlstrom ( 2009 ) . They recorded an addition in equity ratings which is consistent with Lantto ‘s consequences and a lessening in houses ‘ cost of capital, when the effects took topographic point before the official acceptance day of the month. When spliting their sample, they find that states that have intensifiers for transparence tend to hold capital-market benefits. When they make comparing between compulsory and voluntary adoptive parents, they find that the capital market effects are most obvious for companies that voluntarily adopted IFR S, in both old ages when they adopt IFRS and once more afterwards, when IFRS go compulsory. Furthermore, Cordazzo ( 2007 ) address the concern of altering from Italian GAAP to IFRS by supplying empirical support of the nature and the size of the differences between Italian GAAP and IAS/IFRS. He studied Italian listed companies in order to demo the most of import effects of the acceptance of IAS/IFRS. The consequences show a further the entire impact of altering to IFRS on net income than stockholders ‘ equity. His consequences confirms Lantto & A ; Sahlstrom ( 2009 ) consequences in footings of positive impact on net income and contradicts with Daske et Al ( 2008 ) and Lantto & A ; Sahlstrom ( 2009 ) in the impact on stockholders equity when his consequences showed a lessening in this point. The single accommodations show more major differences between the Italian GAAP and IAS/IFRS in how to handle concern combination, fiscal instruments, commissariats and intangible assets wi th mention to both net income and stockholders ‘ equity ; while there has been an of import difference merely on stockholders ‘ equity in income revenue enhancements, and belongings, works, and equipment. Nevertheless, Jermakowicz ( 2004 ) study the acceptance of IFRS in Belgium. The survey examined 20 companies in Belgium tracking the impact of IFRS on their studies. This survey adopted a study attack sent to 20 Belgian houses aims to happen out that using IFRS will impact the method of coverage of these companies every bit good as enhance the comparison degrees in fixing amalgamate histories for these houses. The first three companies that adopted the IFRS in 2003 were analyzed quantitatively. The survey summarises that companies adopted the IFRS alternatively of Belgian GAAP reported a considerable impact on their net income, every bit good as equity, which is consistent with Daske et Al ( 2008 ) and Lantto & A ; Sahlstrom ( 2009 ) . Besides, Iatridis & A ; Rouvolis ( 2009 ) look into the effects of the acceptance of IFRS alternatively of Greek GAAP on the fiscal figures of Greek listed companies. They besides study the factors related to IFRS voluntary revelations before officially following IFRS, the grade of net incomes direction under IFRS, and the value relevancy of IFRS-based accounting Numberss. Their consequences show that the following IFRS has caused instability in the figures of balance sheet and income statement of Grecian companies. They found that there has been a major betterment in fiscal figures in the undermentioned period even though the effects of the passage cost because of following IFRS. The consequences show that the twelvemonth of the acceptance of IFRS in 2005 did impact the fiscal figures adversely in footings of profitableness and liquidness. In twelvemonth 2006, these figures recorded an betterment, which they refer it to that IFRS became more well-known to the Grecian companies. Another survey has been done on German companies that adopt IFRS by Van Tendeloo and Vanstraelen in 2005. They tackle the issue of whether the acceptance of IFRS is related to lower net incomes direction. They study German companies that have adopted IFRS if they engage significantly less in net incomes direction compared to companies fixing their studies under German GAAP. In their consequences, they propose that the acceptance of IFRS can non be related with lower net incomes direction. Schipper ( 2005 ) study the effects related to mandatory acceptance of IFRS in the European Union and he found that the International Accounting Standards Board must supply more inside informations about the usage of the IFRS and the inauspicious effects that may ensue due to the acceptance of IFRS, or at that place will non be broad usage of IFRS by the comptrollers who prepare the fiscal studies and they will go on to utilize local GAAPs or US GAAP. Jones & A ; Higgins ( 2006 ) support Schipper ‘s consequences when he studied 60 companies in Australia that adopt IFRS through a telephone study. They find important fluctuation in the study answers with elements such as house size, industry background and expected impacts on fiscal public presentation ; the overall consequences show that many of the companies have non been good prepared for altering to IFRS and they are dubious about acquiring any benefits from following IFRS. Callao et Al ( 2006 ) . Quoted in Callao, Jarne & A ; LaA?A ±nez ( 2007 ) inspect the manner in which Spanish companies have dealt with procedure of using IFRS. The base of empirical survey is a study sent to Spanish concern groups listed on the Madrid stock exchange. The consequences show that these companies have taken a really positive attitude towards the harmonisation procedure and the acceptance of IFRS in one manus. On the other manus, altering to IFRS is dearly-won and needs more alterations in concern organisation and constructions, every bit good as accounting policies. A twelvemonth subsequently a contradictory survey done by Callao et Al ( 2007 ) when he examine the effects of the acceptance of IFRS on the comparison and relevancy of fiscal coverage in Spain. This survey tried to compare between houses that adopt IFRS and others that still use the local GAAP. They found that following IFRS did negatively impact the comparison and concluded that using both criterions at the same clip in the same state will do it hard when comparing between houses, even in the same industry. Their survey besides consequences that the fiscal coverage has non improved because there was a spread between the book value and market value when altering to IFRS. They besides concluded that there will non be benefits from using IFRS in the short term and may be there will be in medium and long term. Peng & A ; Smith ( 2009 ) look into the convergence procedure through the old ages ( 1992-2006 ) of the convergence of Chinese GAAP with IFRS from theoretical point of position. They find that there have been an of import motion towards convergence took topographic point through the issue of four following Chinese GAAPs: 1992, 1998, 2001, and 2006. Convergence between Chinese GAAP to IFRS happened through both, the direct import of criterions from IFRS and progressive alterations to Chinese GAAP. Direct import was observed for points either reflective of traditional Chinese accounting pattern or 1s that addressed state of affairss non considered or non relevant under the old accounting theoretical account. Progressive alterations to Chinese GAAP were observed on points well different from traditional pattern. On the whole, they concluded that both combination of staged execution and direct import has proven to be practical and effectual in the convergence of Chinese GAAP with IFRS. Jones and Luther ( 2005 ) examine three Bavarian companies and two direction consultancy houses in Germany, whether the alteration to IFRS could hold important effects on the typical traditional direction accounting patterns applied in the field of control. They conclude that directors have to take between, either uniting external and internal coverage or go oning to run double accounting systems, restricting the acceptance of IFRS to external coverage. Ormrod and Taylor ( 2004 ) analyse the impact of the following IFRS alternatively of UK GAAP on compacts included in debt contracts. Their consequences showed more volatile on net incomes figures, every bit good as in fluctuations reported net incomes and balance sheet elements. Wei?enberger, Stahl, andVorstius ( 2004 ) study the surveyed a group of German houses listed in ( DAX100 ) for the grounds that made these houses choose IFRS or US GAAP instead than German GAAP. The research workers received 81 responses out of 359 houses ‘ sample. Their consequences showed that the ground of acceptance of IFRS or USGAAP by these German houses was that they was anticipating to hold terms in the capital markets, every bit good as to better supply of information, and the internationalisation of investors. However, they found that non all of these aims were attained. Larson and Street ( 2004 ) study 17 European states to analyze the obstructions of the convergence in these states ( Switzerland, the10 new EU members and other EU campaigner states ) . The informations used was gathered in2002 convergence study by the former Big Six international accounting houses. They showed in their consequences that two major obstructions to convergence are the trouble of definite IFRS and the tax-orientation of many local systems.

Tanglewood Stores and Staffing Strategy

TANGLEWOOD STORES AND STAFFING STRATEGY Tanglewood has a unique culture that emphasizes â€Å"straight talk,† employee participation, and teamwork which helps to differentiate it from most of its major competitors. Following the recent period of rapid expansion and acquisition, the company must consolidate its human resources strategy to ensure that this culture is not lost. Recommendations to achieve this goal are as follows. STAFFING RECOMMENDATIONS Acquire or Develop TalentNow that Tanglewood is slowing their acquisition of new stores, it’s recommended that they develop existing talent for management positions working hard to instill the company’s unique values into recently acquired employees. Tanglewood is known for their employee input and contributions. Developing from within will increase productivity of the workforce; when employees believe that there are opportunities for advancement they are usually more motivated to achieve the organizational goals. F or non-managerial positions, it will be necessary to acquire talent from outside the company.In order to support the mission statement, the company should acquire employees who are able to provide a high level of customer service and who are knowledgeable about the products and services that they are selling. Hire Yourself or Outsource Tanglewood requires employees to have a comprehensive understanding of products as well as local knowledge. Given the company’s emphasis on exceptional customer service and the need to firmly establish the Tanglewood culture during this time of transition, it’s recommended that the hiring process remain in-house.Internal staff who can effectively evangelize company culture should be responsible for screening candidates. I External or Internal Hiring It’s recommended that management level staff be hired internally in order to facilitate the dissemination of Tanglewood’s culture. Hiring from within can instill a sense of belo nging and encourages employees to understand how their best interests align with those of the company. Providing room for advancement can serve as motivation and encourage long-term thinking. This mode of thinking is beneficial to the company and helps it to maintain the family-oriented environment.However, given the recent rapid growth, internal human resources may not be able to keep up with staffing demand. When necessary, external hiring should be leveraged to support rapid growth, increase diversity, and bring in new perspectives. Core or Flexible Workforce Given Tanglewood’s â€Å"team† philosophy, a core workforce composed of both full and part-time employees is recommended. A core workforce is also most appropriate given the company’s niche market with a unique company culture which differentiates it from competitors.While the potential cost savings of a flexible workforce may be attractive, this advantage is outweighed by the cost of additional training and reduced employee investment in the success of the company. Tanglewood’s knowledgeable workforce is a source of competitive advantage which would be lost with a flexible, less committed workforce. Hire or Retain Because of Tanglewood’s emphasizes on employee suggestions and contributions, the company should continue retain employees in order to preserve the company’s unique culture and values over time.Although occasionally hiring outside the company is inevitable, it’s recommended that Tanglewood develop a retention plan in order to reduce employee turnover and associated costs incuding hiring and training expenses, productivity loss, lost customers, diminished business, and damaged morale among remaining members of the workforce. National or Global Currently, Tanglewood’s 12 divisions are national with operations centered on the west coast. For the short-term, the company should continue to peruse a national staffing strategy for these stores .Although there is cost savings potential in globally outsourcing customer service, technical support, database administration and other tasks, doing so may hurt quality and ultimately run counter to Tanglewood’s core values. Attract or Relocate Tanglewood should focus on attracting employees that fit its niche market. Employees may better serve customers by having local knowledge such as the best hiking routes, bike trails, camp sites; etc. Generally, the retail industry doesn’t require a highly specialized or task-specific workforce and so the company should be able to attract the talent it needs locally.Overstaff or Understaff Tanglewood should continue to overstaff. There is currently an abundance of department managers and assistant mangers that may at times border on surplus. However, Tanglewood can benefit by having a stockpile of talent by ensuring smooth succession in case of turnover, retirement or promotion. Overstaffing also ensures that trained staff is av ailable during peak seasonal periods to ensure quality and the superior customer experience that consistent with the company’s values.Short- or Long-Term Focus Tanglewood has emphasized employee participation and teams since its inception and one of the most important cultural elements of the organization is the commitment to straight talk in all areas of business. Because the corporate staffing function has not been strong, in the short-term, Tanglewood should seek is to implement new policies and procedures that will centralize the human resources staffing strategy and create staffing operations efficiencies.Once urgent-short term goals are met, the company’s ongoing focus should be long-term in order to allow the company to invest in its employees and help them to live up to the Tanglewood standard. Time spent on training and interviews can be costly if Tanglewood adopted a short-term approach. Though turnover is still a reality, being overstaffed will address immed iate turnover issues. STAFFING QUALITY Person/ Job or Person/ Organization Match It’s recommended that Tanglewood adopt a Person/Organization Match approach to the hiring process.It’s important that the company choose individuals who understand the core values and philosophy of the company; meaning choosing individuals who meet the needs of the organization. Retail job skills can be taught but strong values, teamwork, and a passion for customer service are more difficult to teach. Focusing on organization rather than job fit will also support the company’s Develop, Internal, and Retention strategies. Specific or General KSAOs Tanglewood should lean towards general KSAOs because it requires a focus on â€Å"flexibility and adaptability, ability to learn, written and oral communication skills, and algebra/statistics. General KSAOs competencies such as communication skills, the ability to learn, and the ability to adapt quickly are important characteristics for a potential employee to work well within the organization and be successful in whatever role they play within the company. Exceptional or Acceptable Workforce Quality The company is advised to pursue an exceptional workforce quality in order to best meet the needs of its customers and further the strategy differentiation.Having exceptional workforce quality means hiring associates that will be passionate about Tanglewood and providing excellent customer service. This strong customer service focus will encourage repeat visits to the store and allow the company to stand out among the competition by being a customer favorite. An exceptional workforce is required to achieve the mission statement and â€Å"be the best department store for customers seeking quality, durability, and value for all aspects of their active lives. † Active or Passive Diversity Tanglewood should actively strive for a diverse environment.The company should work hard to build a workforce that reflects the co mmunities in which the stores are located by working with organizations throughout the community to hire a diverse workforce that is fair to gender, race, and age. Organizations employing a diverse workforce can supply a greater variety of solutions to problems in service, sourcing, and allocation of resources. Employees from diverse backgrounds bring individual talents and experiences in suggesting ideas that are flexible in adapting to fluctuating markets and customer demands.CONCLUSION Tanglewood’s future success depends on many factors. During this period of consolidation, staffing strategy is especially critical. By setting challenging goals and crushing them, the company can establish a motivated, passionate workforce that embodies Tanglewood’s core values and propagates its unique culture. By following the recommendations above, Tanglewood can position itself as providing an exceptional environment for both employees and customers.

Have women achieved equality with men Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Have women achieved equality with men - Essay Example This is because it has always been one of the root causes behind the segregation between men and women. They both can work together to achieve their individual as well as collective goals yet the inequality arises all of a sudden and mars the whole phenomenon essentially. Plants and offices have of late been filled by women who were reckoned by the authorities as of less efficiency as compared to their male counterparts some years back. This has changed for the better and more and more companies in the world of today are recruiting female candidates for suitable positions within their staff. Apart from this positive change in mindset of the companies and businesses, there have been some pretty negative points attached to the same notion moreover. The top one of these aspects is the indiscriminate attitude of the staff towards the women working in the offices which has given birth to gender issues like the sexual harassment and racial vilification ones. In the present day workplace situation, white men have encouraged the selection of white women as well as minority group members but there is a totally different posture when the selection of black community staffing within these companies starts making waves. (Author Unknown, 2001) Gender is a word, which describes the characteristics and attributes that are culturally accredited with women and men. It is pretty different and distinct from sex, which in its own entirety means the physical characteristics that make up one biologically either a male or a female. Structuralists have been in agreement with seeing the gender as a product of universal cultural laws and customs of the languages that shape up a cultural utterance and assertion. Consequently, structuralism accounts for the gender that focuses on the traditional contour of the male hero as somewhat of an â€Å"active subject† and the heroine (from the female sex) as rather

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 39

Assignment Example Due to limited resources accompanied by the constraint on the same, there is demand for choice hence opportunity cost in economics. In the cases presented, allocation of a square block in the heart of Toronto for a parking lot poses the greatest opportunity cost due to the demand for packing space in the city. 3. The cost of production is $(5*40+7*60+2*60+1*20) = $760. Selling price is $(400*2) = $800. The firm can therefore continue producing bread because a margin of $40 will result. The flow of factors of production to the bakery is good since it will enhance technical efficiency and effectiveness. 4. If supply decreases and demand is constant, prices will rise and quantity reduces. With lower demand and constant supply, prices fall and quantities go up. Increase in supply with constant demand leads to reduced prices by the margin of increase while quantities will flood the market. Depending on the increase in demand and supply, there will be an increase with the same proportions. If demand increases and supply remains the same, there is a constraint created hence prices go up while quantity diminishes. Increase in supply accompanied with reduced demand leads to excess goods in the market hence lowered prices with excess goods in the market. If demand increases and supply decreases, prices will drastically escalate with steep decrease in quantity. If supply decreases alongside demand, prices and quantity would follow in the same proportion (Adil & Janeen 2006pg.57). 5. If price falls and demand is inelastic revenue falls since quantity is constant. Price rise with elastic supply leads to increase in revenue with the same proportion. While in a case, when supply is inelastic, rise in prices also increases revenue (Adil & Janeen 2006pg.194). 6. Price ceilings involve the setting of prices by governments below the equilibrium price to favor the consumers while reducing supplier’s profits. Price floors involve a

A.Looking at Platos Allegory of the Cave, what is the purpose of Essay

A.Looking at Platos Allegory of the Cave, what is the purpose of education And what is the responsibility of the educated b.What is learning for Plato and how does he express it - Essay Example Just as the prisoners begin to perceive the shades in the cave, these things turn out to be progressively more known to students over point in time, yet stay inexplicable. It is significant that parents and teachers support this question, since it is the basis to a physically powerful education (Roberts 67). Finally, a number of prisoners are enlightened and search out to march out of the cave to the illumination, but with intricacy. Plato argues, the glare will distress them and they will be incapable to observe the realities of which in their previous position they had seen the darkness. As the prisoners must fine-tune to the daylight, students have to work to tackle new challenges during learning, which requires significant time (Rosen 23). In learning, students must toil to widen their familiarity; first establishing a basis and then slowly build on it. Schools must be mindful of this course and devise the program that connects subjects across years so that students can enlarge understanding (Roberts 78). Plato also explains an incident that happens with the captives who experience life outside the cave that they are so open-minded in their fresh globe and that they do not fancy revisiting their companions in the dim (Woodruff 11). Plato argues that those who reach this adorable apparition are reluctant to come down to human associations because it is a threat in learning, mainly regarding the high academe. Those students who progress farthest in higher education may be reluctant to leave the world of well-read theoretical scholars to revisit their communities and share what they have learned. As the prisoners souls are ever rushing into the superior humanity where they wish to inhabit, the hearts and souls of the best educated may desire to remain in their new zone of humanity instead of affecting what they gained for the betterment of their place of origin (Woodruff 22). Plato argues that the captive has

Analytic exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analytic exercise - Essay Example tting up, he finds himself as a vermin, but he continuously ponders over his routine life and concludes that he may be considering him transformed because of lack of proper rest and intensely busy routine. In the first passage, Samsa awakens from troubled dreams and them we can find the mentioning of dream, uneasy sleep, waking up early, lack of rest and other hints pointing towards busy life and comfortless sleeping of the protagonist that connects the whole text and makes it unified. A text has connections (Hoey 2000). The text has long and short, both kinds of sentences for creating an informal tone. The written content appears as a personal narration of Samsa in place of written by some other author. For example, first he tells about his transformation, then his busy routine and restlessness and then, connects his present situation to the reasons of his restless life. Metaphors are part of our daily life (Lakoff & Johnson 1981). The writer of the text makes use of metaphorical language to put forward his perspective about modern life and busy routines of people. The theme of seclusion is represented by the physical transformation of the protagonist. The writer uses the metaphor of metamorphosis of the protagonist indicating towards an insect like development of his character. His transformation points towards his loneliness and seclusion that is further strengthened by his physical changing. The writer also uses the metaphor of troubled dreams to indicate towards restless sleep of the protagonist. The discourse of the text is divided into chunks of past and present narration by the protagonist, but all the chunks are interconnected to form a unified text (Fairclough 2003). The phrases like ‘strenuous career’, ‘getting up early all the time’, ‘horrible vermin†¦.with many legs’ and ‘travelling day in and day out’, all point towards tormented life and separated being of the protagonist. The text has passive as well as active voice usage

A Small Theory of the Visible Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

A Small Theory of the Visible - Essay Example Reality, and not just the wilderness, is something that lies outside of what is practical, and can only be properly appreciated from a kind of receptivity that the artists perspective can capture. There are profound insights to be had from taking this view (Williams; Berger). Williams in a way hopes to frame the wilderness as conceptual art, as living art, or as performance art, at any rate a form of art. This is not an empty exercise in highfalutin aesthetics, or an attempt to cultivate an elevated mind. This is not empty intellectualizing, but something rooted in the way the wilderness and its experience can be made more immediate. This is not to say that framing the wilderness as art is something that has some outward economic, financial, or utilitarian function, to improve humanity. This is not it at all. In the mind of Williams this has more to do with the proper framing of the wilderness in terms of a perspective that in a way restores its sanctity, its religious essence. Art i s something that has no defined use in society, and it has the ability to jolt and to shock people into paying attention, away from their smart phones, their computers, their mundane interests, their conversations, and the business of life. Why shouldnt the wilderness be framed in the same way? There is something ultimately mysterious and indefinable about the wilderness, something that cannot be tamed and cannot be domesticated and caged in aquariums, or in natural history museums. There is something ultimately mysterious.

Genre Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Genre - Assignment Example In some instance, however, as in the case of the recent Lindsay Lohan court proceedings, the events surrounding Michael Jackson’s death (TMZ is even reputed as breaking this story), and the O.J. Simpson trial are deemed appropriate for both gossip and reputable news outlets. The content that is included within the gossip blogs follows a somewhat fluid structure. One can consider the concept of A, B, and C list celebrities in this regard. For instance, a celebrity such as Kim Kardashian or Lady Gaga, who are of significant public interest, will often be featured within the blogs for simply attending a restaurant or swimming on the beach. Celebrities who are of only moderate importance are featured within the blogs on a scale that is proportionate to the outlandishness of the actions they have been caught or rumored to have participated in. For instance, Oksana Grigorieva, a not regularly publicized celebrity, is regularly featured as a result of her being involved in the sensationalistic Mel Gibson recordings. Similarly, comedian Greg Giraldo is featured as he recently died of an overdose. While these are the general rules for content inclusion, events of absurd or comedic value will also be featured within this genre. For instance, Nadya Suleman (Ã¢â‚¬Ë œoctomom’) is featured in one blog because she is humorously promoting a beer

Creating a Competitive Strategy for a Discount Retailer (MKT 100) Essay

Creating a Competitive Strategy for a Discount Retailer (MKT 100) - Essay Example This has induced a lot of involvement and commitment from the managers of the stores. CanadaCo stores offer significantly higher level of customer service due to the reason mentioned above. The stores are cleaner, more attractive and better stocked. This has resulted in higher per store sales when compared to the competition and has lead to higher revenue and market share. Though CanadaCo has a wider variety of products, the product mix is similar to that of the competition. CanadaCo can expand the number of product categories and also include a number of varieties for each category. The SWOT analysis has given a clear picture of the current position of CanadaCo and also the potential challenges it has to face in the future due to the recent course of events. It is clear that UsCo is a big threat to CanadaCo as it has a larger infrastructure in terms of man power and number of stores. Moreover, the stores are centrally managed and hence, UsCo’s initial aim will be to gain a considerable market share in a short span by cutting down the profits. It is evident from UsCo’s approach in the United States, that it gives greater importance to market share. It has expanded rapidly by focussing on gaining consumer trust. UsCo also gives great importance to brand image and positioning, as the cheapest supplier of consumer goods. The pricing policy of UsCo has been set to meet the requirements of the target consumers. It is a well known fact that acquiring a new customer is about six times costlier than retaining an existing customer (Jobber, 2004). Hence CanadaCo can take initiatives to retain the existing customer base. This can be done by the introduction of Customer Loyalty schemes. As it is evident that UsCo will take initiatives in the future to expand its market share in Canada, CanadaCo should effectively counteract this by being the first mover in

God's Word- What does the bible really teaches Research Paper

God's Word- What does the bible really teaches - Research Paper Example The present paper looks for investigating into the phenomenon in the light of Christian teachings manifestly elucidated in the Scripture, along with explaining the same according to the traditions attributed to the Christian saints and scholars. The paper also aims to explain the meaning and status of death in Christian faith, which is the only way to meet their Creator as well as the holiest personalities and one’s forefathers had already entered in the world hereafter. The paper also explains in brief the difference in the concept of death in non-Christian faiths, and subject of incarnation according to death. The paper also elaborates the significance of death for the Christian community, and its changing status in the contemporary era. Death serves as one of the bitterest realities of life due to the very fact all human beings including rich and poor, pious and wicked, strong and weak, black and white, and male and female have to taste it one day determined by the Lord. Consequently, no one is immortal altogether in the world except Lord God, the Creator of heavens and hell, Who has created day and night, and life and death. In the words of the Genesis (7:21): â€Å"and all flesh that stirred on earth perished – birds, cattle, beasts, and all the things that swarmed upon the earth, and all mankind.† Thus, the Holy Scripture ratifies the perishing of all the creatures existing on the earth including humans one appointed day, where humans will be reincarnated by the Lord on the Resurrection Day, and they will have to be answerable to what they had performed during their stay in the mortal world. In addition, death is also considered as the darkest reality of life because it separates man from his parents, children, relations and friends forever and ever, where no one could hear the voice of the departed soul till he also embraced death one day to join the dead ones in the next world. Hence, the moment of death serves as the most painful and agonized

The War on television screens in American living rooms Essay Example for Free

The War on television screens in American living rooms Essay The War on television screens in American living rooms has made Americans far more anti-war than anything else. The full brutality of the combat will be there in close-up and in colour, and blood looks very red on the colour television screen. (A statement made by a BBC commentator in 1970 to members of the British armed forces). This statement suggests that television was an important reason why the United States lost the war in Vietnam. Is there sufficient evidence in sources D to L to support this interpretation? Use the sources and your own knowledge from your studies to explain your answer. The sources are not sufficient in themselves to support the interpretation but when put together with my own knowledge there is substantial evidence. The colour television made the images that were sent home more graphic and as the BBC commentator said, blood looks very red. We know that the U. S were unable to defeat Guerilla tactics and this was a major reason why the U. S lost the war in Vietnam. For example Source J shows how much the war changed the attitudes of many U. S civilians who have previously supported the war. Kent state was highly publicized and it showed how the war was destroying humanity. The scenes were widespread and they showed just what was going on. This shocked America into realizing what the effects of the war were on America. Source D is a North Vietnamese propaganda poster showing the problems that the Americans faced when trying to defeat Guerilla tactics. It shows the North Vietnamese hiding in the jungle and American soldiers searching for them. The V. C are waiting to ambush them. This source is fairly sufficient to support the statement because it shows the difficulties that the U. S suffered when trying to defeat Guerilla tactics. In the background we can see some trucks and this could be the Ho Chi Minh trail but we cannot be certain. The Ho Chi Minh trail was primarily a trail for North Vietnamese supplies to be moved into South Vietnam. Source E is a photograph of napalm victims. This picture was circulated around America during the war and just showed the extent of the chemical weapons that the U. S were using to try and win the war. It shows a young girl and a young boy running down the street after a napalm attack and the young girl has no clothes on due to the fact that napalm has burned through them and gone on her skin. Due to the fact that this particular picture was published everywhere it is probably one of the most important pictures ever captured to show the effects of the chemical weapons that the U. S were using and shows the impact the war was having on society. In the background we can see American soldiers with cameras. When this picture got home and was seen by American civilians they were disturbed by it. Many were unaware of the kind of attacks that were taking place and were shocked to see these kinds of pictures. The media that was sent home was an extremely significant part of turning the Americans against the war. Another reason was that soldiers were coming home either severely injured or with missing limbs. The distress that was caused to families who had to be told that their sons/daughters were dead was so upsetting that they started to go on anti-war campaigns. In each rank there was a camera man who was there to capture pictures and footage of the events as they happened. Source F is a description from soldiers talking about the difficulties of fighting guerillas. The source is written by an American journalist. He says how hard it is for soldiers to react when a mortar shell lands in the middle of the patrol. The soldiers dont know whether they should kill all the villages around them even though most have nothing to do with the war and want to stay away. This is an ironic situation for the soldiers to be faced with. The source is really telling you about the horrors of the war. This source cannot really be linked to the question as to whether colour television was an important reason why America lost the war. Source G is a source about a soldiers reaction to the My Lai massacre. Soldiers joined the war campaign because they thought they were doing something courageous for their country but were stunned when told to start firing upon unarmed civilians. Hundreds of civilians were killed just because they were Vietnamese. When the My Lai massacre reached the U.S it sent shockwaves through the US political establishment, the militarys chain of command, and an already divided American public. Camera footage was recorded and sent home and this was distressing for them. They realised what they had got themselves into and the scenes captured were made more horrific by the colour television. This is why we can say that the colour television was an important reason as to why the U. S lost the war in Vietnam. Source H is a British cartoon showing the costs of the Vietnam War. The train is aptly named; the U.S Economy and the workers in the carriages are chopping the carriages up and the pieces of wood have Great Society written on them. The cartoon is trying to show that President Johnson has destroyed society by going to Vietnam. Source K just shows that America wasnt the only country that was against the war. In April 1969 48% of Australians wanted their country to carry on fighting in the war but by October only 39% wanted them to. This just shows that the war was changing peoples opinions about what they thought was right. The colour television was not just in America and the scenes captured were just as horrific to the Australians as they were to Americans. The statistics show that there must have been some logical reason for the change in results and we have to consider that the colour television was one of them. I have studied all the sources and when added together with my own knowledge they are fairly reliable in saying that the colour television was an important reason why the U. S lost the war due to the fact that peoples opinions changed with time and we know that pictures look more graphic when in colour.

Social Policy Development In The Youth Justice System Criminology Essay

Social Policy Development In The Youth Justice System Criminology Essay The aim of this essay is to discuss social policy development in the Youth Justice System (YJS). It places the discussion in the context of some of the economics, political and social concepts that influence social policy development in the YJS. The essay further discusses some of the impacts of these policies in relation to social exclusion, inequality and poverty. It will also assess the structures and organisations like; the Youth Justices Board (YJB 2004), the Intensive Surveillance and Supervision Programme (ISSP) and the Youth offending Teams (YOT) that are involved in the welfare provision. The essay also explores the relationships amongst the different agencies involved in social welfare provision for young offenders. A number of youth justice policies have been developed between 1979 to date. In 1979 the Conservative Government came to power with rhetoric of being tough on crime than its Labour opponents. They introduced a tougher regime known as short sharp shock into detention centres, they promised to jail every person who was sentenced by the judges and magistrates. As a result, the prison population rose (Says who?). In an attempt to limit the prison population, they encouraged diversion from court and custody and also opted for shorter sentences for many run-of-mills offenders. They also introduced a less harsh measure policy of bifurcation which was advocated for the less serious offenders. (Goldson: 2008). Despite these measures, the prison population continued to rise with regular out breaks of riots and disorder within prisons. After the 1987 General Elections, Douglas Hard the then Home Office secretary introduced new YJS approaches which became to be known as the Hurd approach. They included volunterisation, privatisation, managerialism, crime prevention and the neighbourhood watch. (Cavadin Dignan: 2006) They also introduced the Criminal Justice Act 1988 which created a unified sentence of detention in Young Offenders Institutions. The Children Act of 1989 which directed local authorities to make arrangements for diversion from prosecution of child offenders (Muncie et al 2002). New Labour Government introduced the early interventions and restorative justice commonly known as the 3Rs (restoration, reintegration and reparation), they passed the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 which introduced the Detention and Training Order (Goldson, 2008). They created the Youth Justice Board (YJB) which is a multi-agency youth body that identifies and monitors good practice (YJB 2004). They formed the Youth Offending Teams (YOTs) which locally co-ordinate the provision of youth justice services and are responsible for various supervisory duties in regard to community penalties, intervention programmes and pre-sentence reports (Muncie et al 2006). Among other policies, they introduced the Criminal Justice Act 2003 to overcome discrimination and inequality in the system (Blakemore and Griggs: 2007). It would be notable that although the Conservative Governments policies and those of New Labour appear different, they are largely similar in that they all hold the principle of punishment in them. However, to analyse their effectiveness, the essay evaluates the factors that influenced these reforms and their impact on the young offenders and those at risk. POLITICAL Social policy development in the YJS is significantly influenced by politics. Kevin (2009) states that, the establishment of the Youth Offending Teams (YOT) and the new youth justice framework was imposed by the government (Kevin, 2009: 298). Furthermore, Goldson (2008) states that: due to pressure on the government to take action on youth crime, the decision to implement the Intensive Surveillance and Supervision Programme (ISSP) was taken long before the evaluations of the pilots could even be completed (Goldson, 2008, p.136). Critics of political interference in policy development like Kevin (2009, p. 295 cited in Pitts, 2000) advises that the need for critical practice is paramount no matter how clever the government thinks it is. Goldson (2008, p.164) further supports this opinion by stating that Evidence Based Policy Practice improves decision making and should inform the development of public policy. While, Blakemore and Griggs (2007, p.197) recommend that the government plays a leading role in policy development, but remain relatively open to professionals and pressure groups. This point appears to carry more weight as it strikes a balance between the role of the government, elitists and the pressure groups. This brings up the debate of the independence of the judiciary from the state. Economic Social policy development in the youth justice is not only shaped by political influences, but also by economic structures in society. Smith (2003) argues that the governments concern to cut state spending encouraged the reduction in the use of expensive custodial options and as a result, it opted for community sentences. He further points out that the decline in the use of secure accommodation in local authorities from 1981 onwards was a budget-driven agenda (ibid). This further supports Alcock, (2008, p.198) statement that social policy development is closely dependent upon the economic structure of the society and upon the economic growth within it. SOCIAL Social policy development in the YJS may also be influenced by Voluntary and Community Sector (VCS). Smith (2007, p. 29-30) argued that it was the Childrens Society that reported that an inter-agency initiative in South Wales had produced successful outcomes such as the speeding up of the judicial process and reduction of offending while on bail, that the adoption of a comprehensive approach to managing the YJS was initiated. Smith (2007) further states that the inter-agency initiative became the most effective way of delivering an agreed package of assessment, service management and record-keeping. However, Alcock (2008, p.165) criticises that most voluntary organisations exclude some potential activists through social divisions of one kind or another. IMPACT Having explored the social, economic and political factors that influence social policy development, an insight on how these reforms improve the welfare and wellbeing of people in relation to social exclusion, poverty and inequality is important. Evidence from YJB (2008) states that: many of the ISSP participants had a range of underlying needs and were highly socially excluded: some had not been engaged in mainstream structures for some considerable time. In many cases, families had already asked for help but had been unable to get any assistance. It also states that 89 percent of young people on ISSP reoffended at some point in the first year of the program (YJB, 2004). Although the ISSP is just a single YJB program, the percentage of reoffending as stated in the report is significantly high and it can be argued that this policy has not effectively dealt with the issue of social welfare of young offenders. However, Blakemore and Griggs (2007:62) state that the YJB approaches are needs focussed and that they include strategies like; psychiatry, social work and education. This may suggest that by having interventions like psychiatry and social work, is an indication that young offenders have underlying issues which cannot be solved by punishment or custody. This line of discussion is supported by Goldson and Muncie (2006) asserting that: young people for whom the fabric of life invariably stretches across poverty; family discord; drug and alcohol misuse; mental distress; ill-health; emotional, physical and sexual abuse; self harm; homelessness; isolation, loneliness; circumscribed educational and employment opportunities; hollowed -out communities and most pressing sense of distress and alienation are the very children targeted by the youth justice apparatus. (Goldson and Muncie, 2006, p.222) From the problems identified above, it can also be argued that policy- makers should be aiming at promoting social welfare instead of criminal justice and by so doing, professionals like; psychiatrists, social workers and teachers would be clear about what they are trying to achieve. Goldson and Muncie (2006) further call for the ethically legitimate, rights-compliant and effective approaches to youth crime and justice stating that approaches must be located within a broad corpus of social and economic policy rather than the narrower confines of youth/criminal justice policy (ibid). The YJB (2006) states that, the government has a Social Exclusion Action Plan and that poverty has been reduced . It further states that more needs to be done to tackle social exclusion, focussing on tackling the cycles of disadvantage that can lead to social exclusion being passed from one generation to the next. This appears to suggest that the YJB admits that current policies are inadequate to address the issues of poverty and social exclusion. As stated eerier that the ISSP which is YJBs strategy to rehabilitate persistent young offenders was implemented in haste, long before its pilots were completed. Could this be the reasons why it produced undesirable outcomes?. In addition to the above, it appears that punishing young offenders with underlying issues has contributed to the YJBs ineffectiveness. This argument is supported by Goldson (2007) asserting that:- despite such developments in policy, the deep-rooted tensions between welfare and justice that are intrinsic to law, policy and practice in respect of children in trouble, continue to comprise the source of contestation and complexity (Goldson 2008: p.207). This is amplified by Muncie (2009, p. 242 cited Hughes, and Young, 2007) arguing that the inclusionary principles, values and ideals that inform some social policies should not be abandoned, but resurrected within agendas of social justice, rather than criminal justice. More concerns in terms of inequality and discrimination by Blakemore and Griggs (2007) point out that the criminal justice system is unfair and that African-Caribbeans are more likely to be jailed than whites or Asians. He also states that the police are not quick to respond to policing needs of ethnic minorities than they should have (ibid). Furthermore, Muncie (2009) argues that ethnic minority youths are statistically more likely to be stopped and searched by the police, but offending rates for African Caribbean are not higher than those of whites. The examples of discriminatory practice and inequality may lead one to wonder how the YOTs can work effectively when the police force which has been accused of discriminatory practices. It is notable that legislations such as the Criminal Justice Act 2003 were introduced to overcome the evils of discrimination and inequality in the entire criminal justice system. However, the examples of unequal treatment, injustice, lack of fairness and discrimination do indicate that these issues are alive, and do need to be addressed. Therefore, the policy planning process, implementation and review should focus on empowering young offenders to overcome the issues of social exclusion, poverty and inequality. CONCLUSION This essay has reflected on the impact of some of the political, social and economic influences on social policy development and how these resultant policies on the YJS have impacted on social exclusion, poverty and inequality. The essay appreciates the existence of the YOT as a multi- agency team in the youth justice system that includes, psychiatrists, social workers. Youth workers and education. The essay deplores the existence of the principle of punishment in the in a system which should be aiming at emancipating young offenders who have underlying issues. The essay has also discussed the existence of discrimination and inequality which exposes young offenders to social exclusion as a result of flaws in the policies. Although this essay has appraised introduction of the New Labour policies, it concludes that the practice remains largely the same despite the change in policy.

Solving the Mystery in Doyles The Hound of the Baskervilles Essays

Solving the Mystery in Doyle's The Hound of the Baskervilles Sherlock Holmes deduced what was really going on by noting the failure of a dog to bark - thus identifying his master and therefore the murderer in The Hound of the Baskervilles, by Arthur Conan Doyle. Deductive reasoning involves reasoning in which you go from general to specific instances, by using known facts and eliminating improbable situations, and unlikely suspects. By sending Dr. Watson separately from himself, and going to Baskerville Hall in secret, Holmes is able to get two different viewpoints of the situation there, and then later exchange opinions and information with his partner. Watson is at first suspicious of Mr. and Mrs. Barrymore. He hears Mrs. Barrymore sobbing at nights, which puzzles him. One night while Watson and Sir Henry were in the Hall, they observed Mr. Barrymore sending signals through a window using a candle. After extensive questioning Mr. Barrymore and his wife reveal that recently escaped â€Å"Notting Hill Criminal† is really Mrs. Barrymore’s brother, Seld...

Constantine the Great and His Influence on the Spread of Christianity :: essays research papers fc

Flavius Valerius Constantinus, also known as Constantine the Great, is believed to have been born sometime between the years 274 and 288. He was born in Naissus, which is now known as Nisch Serbia, to the Roman officer Constantius Chlorus. Constantius belonged to one of the Leading families of Moesia and his mother was a niece of the capable and soldierly Claudius, the conqueror of the Goths. Constantine’s mother Helena is said to have been the daughter of an innkeeper o Drepanum, and later became known as St. Helena the Christian Empress. There is, however, nothing to support the assertion sometimes made that she was already baptized before Constantine’s birth and her early influence ultimately brought him to Christianity. Such facts about her life as are known would suggest the contrary- Eusebius of Caecarea declares that Constantine in fact converted his mother. There are, however, other indications that Helena was not a Christian during her son’s early years. At what date Helena did embrace Christianity remains a mystery. Nor can anyone say wither certainty what gods she worshipped during her son’s childhood.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Of Constantine’s early years we know almost nothing, though we may suppose that they were spent in the eastern half of the Empire. In 293 Constantine was betrothed to Fausta the daughter of Madimian, and in this year his father Constantius was made Caesar. Constantine chose to join his father in the west at Boulogne on the expedition against the Picts and before his father’s death he was proclaimed to be his successor. After Constantius’ death Constantine’s troops immediately proclaimed him Caesar in acceptance to his father’s wishes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the beginning of Constantine’s reign there were great political complications having to do with multiples of emperors ruling over different territories, which lead to the political movement of many wars between different leading parties. Constantine during this time was known to have the most efficient army, but was busy defending his own frontier and had not taken part in any of the quarrels amongst the different Caesars, until 311.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 311 Caesar Maxentius claimed Constantine to be a tyrant and threatened Constantine's land with his overwhelmingly large and powerful army. On Constantine's march into war against Maxentius to save his land and his self-respect he received a vision. This vision assured him that he would conquer in the sign of the Christ, and his warriors were to carry Christ's Monogram on their shields.

Suffering Patients Need Medical Marijuana Essay -- Argumentative Persu

Suffering Patients Need Medical Marijuana If a doctor told you that you could either go blind in three years from glaucoma or break the law by smoking pot, which would you choose? If marijuana could prolong your life by allowing you to continue cancer chemotherapy without the unending vomiting and nausea, would you consider it? If cannabis could stop epileptic seizures that had plagued you since childhood, would you use it? This medicine can benefit patients suffering from these and many other afflictions, but it is being withheld; they are being denied a right granted to all living things—that of self-preservation. â€Å"It’s not about drugs, it’s about letting men fight,† George McMahon told me when I was fortunate enough to speak with him about cannabis prohibition. McMahon is one of the last eight people in the United States currently receiving medical marijuana from the federal government. George was born with the need for drugs to help his condition—Nail Patella Syndrome (a rare neurological disorder). By the age of one he was being given beer, opiates before the age three, and had two forced addictions, to codeine and morphine, by the age of fourteen. He’s had every drug in the book, but marijuana is the one that helps: â€Å"This is damn good medicine, and it works the same every time.† George was able to obtain marijuana through the federally regulated Investigational New Drug (IND) program, but it took him over two years to get past the repetitious paperwork. Few individuals were lucky enough to enter the program, and many didn’t last through the application period: â€Å"A lot of people tried to get in, and most of them have died,† says George. Later, 34 patients were approved for the program but were de... ...eting and Interviews (CBC). San Francisco, June 7, 1996. Gorman, Peter. â€Å"Marijuana and AIDS.† High Times Dec. 1994: 26+. Grinspoon, Lester, M.D., and James B. Bakalar. Marihuana: The Forbidden Medicine. New Haven: Yale UP, 1993. Leveritt, Mara. â€Å"Reefer Madness: Pot’s Tab in the War On Drugs.† The Arkansas Times. 16 September, 1993: 11-12. Available: http://www.calyx.net/~olsen/MEDICAL â€Å"Medical Marijuana in Australia.† Alliance for Cannabis Therapeutics News. Spring 1995. Available: http://www.calyx.net/~olsen/MEDICAL McMahon, George. Telephone Interview, May 30, 1996. National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML). Marijuana Prohibition: A Colossal Failure. Washington D.C., 1995. Young, Francis L. â€Å"In The Matter of MDMA Scheduling.† Docket No. 84-48. May 22, 1986. Available: http://www.damicon.fi/drugs/mdma.scheduling.html

Environmental Sciences Cover Letter

Manar Mansour Beirut, Lebanon To whom it may concern, I am highly interested in the practice of improving the public wellbeing. Through my research, I have learned that this is a rapidly expanding field, and that your esteemed company is a leader in this domain. I am interested in a public health related job, in which I can utilize my analytical skills and inclusive education for our mutual benefit. I recently graduated from the American University of Beirut, having served an internship at AUB as well.During my internship, I gained valuable knowledge of public health while helping to evaluate and report various health oriented practices of several industries, and their abidance by internationally agreed upon standards and guidelines. I also participated in a community based study in an underprivileged Lebanese village, in an attempt to assess particular health related concerns and help propose and facilitate the necessary measures to be taken. Besides, my coursework has enhanced my s tatistical analysis skills, which are crucial to data interpretation and research.In the meantime, I was elected as a committee responsible for three consecutive years for one of the active clubs in AUB, which gave me the opportunity to build administrative and organizational skills, and participate in large scale community service activities as well, such as public awareness campaigns in poor camps, charity activities with children with disabilities and elderly, as well as providing children in underprivileged areas with the necessary education.My goal is to get experience in a public health related field toward solving today’s related problems. My skills and experience will enable me to address the current challenges in delivering efficient product to its seekers. Please find attached my CV for additional review. I appreciate your time and consideration. Yours Sincerely, Manar Mansour October 15th, 2012

Inclusion and Diversity Essay

The professional role of the ramify teacher is continu bothy changing. It has abundant been expect that teachers should in force(p)ly accommodate all told s collectrren heedless of their ineluctably, with strategies and perform session differing inside and in the midst of conditions to fasten that all churlren convey. However, tardily more(prenominal) than(prenominal) special(a)ised and detailed guidance has emerged that foc enjoyments on catch the ramble of squirtrens necessitate (Hanko 2003). sort of of expecting boorren to come up to standard or otherwise be segregated, an emphasis is straight on schools to adapt and be pliant in order to accommodate, fully contain and complicate all(prenominal) babe (Tassoni 2003). all Child Matters (ECM) inside information how it is the legal state of the circle teacher to go over its fiver awaycomes ensure inclusive pratice for all bookmans. narrate of this is appargonnt inwardly the advance(prenominal) historic period Foundation demo (EYFS), where see to iting and perceptiveness the divers(prenominal) inescapably of s curbrren is highlighted.Based on the Childc atomic somatic body 18 motivate (2006), the EYFS aims to provide ein truth baby bird with the outmatch possible get started in life and with stake to effectuate their potential (DCSF 2008b). The statutory guidance states Providers commit a responsibility to ensure financial run onive attitudes to diversity and difference non yet so that every youngster is include and not disadvantaged, and in any case so that they gain from the earliest age to evaluate diversity in others and grow up making a arrogant break to guild (DCSF 20089).Having such an gaining enabled me during my perspective recognize, to be factly objective and overcritical with regards to how swell the crystalize teacher raised(a) attainment and met the chopinemees various ineluctably. During the develop bug outicular assist was played to the article of belief strategies and manage in come in inwardly the shot, the study environment and how the ho enjoymenthold teacher personalise finale. For the benefit of this assignment many of these reflectivitys regarding the comprehension body body of versatile necessitate were focuse on cardinal special chelaren, peerless of whom was de nameine as having a Special discipline Need (SEN).A child has a special educational need if he has a education bafflingy which calls for special educational politeness to be do for him (Education Act 1996). This is the case for the find child as his balk hinders him from making use of educational facilities that argon generally expert to children of the same age (Appendix 1). Whilst the second child was learnedness incline as an supernumerary Language (EAL) as he came from an east European earth and had novelly move to the country and school.Like the child with SEN he required improve ral suffer to ensure intellect during the school day as well as making him and his peers conscious of pagan diversity and how this was valuable to society (Appendix 2). This critical review impart fetch by reflecting on inclusive program line dresss and strategies to put together various(a) inescapably. As the sight affiliate was a lay outation stage class, a signifi arouset strategy squ be upn to be effectively used was that of play and its versatile multifaceted and multifunctional forms.It could be seen with observation that all barriers of communication between children were removed, as they played freely and interactively together. Both the child with EAL and the observed child with SEN had developed ship give the sackal of communication with other children in the class to ensure that they were fully include, the majority of which era was without the aid or support of the class teacher or teaching assistant. inte balanceingly this idea of play is deep routed in historical theory, with the observed exert relating importantly to the beliefs of Vygotsky.He emphasised how play resolves a z ace of proximal tuition, where children be suck up beyond their age and above their daily doings (Vygotsky 1978). He believed that play contacts children become more confident enabling them to experiment with talking to and their bodies in ship sensal that perhaps they would not restrain through with(p), had they not been engaged in play. such an get winding signifi masstly rivals to observations of two observed children (Appendix 3). Perhaps these observations argon not impress, as play has more recently been cede intercoursed as universe decisive to childrens all-round health and well existence.It provides opportunities for first-hand experiences that keep going their understanding of and engagement with the world it facilitates neighborly teaching and cultivates creativity, imagination and stirred up resiliency (Daily Tel egraph 2007). It is therefore not surprising that it significantly underpins the Early historic period framework with the EYFS highlighting its grandness to all areas of development (DCSF 20087). Within play, the class teacher had besides effectively selected and chosen toys, resources and materials that were culturally various(a) in the hope that children would appreciate and swallow up this as the norm (Appendix 4).Such apply has been looked by theorist Lindon, who highlights the enormousness of children beholding themselves and their family reflected in play resources, visual images and books (Lindon 2001). She in addition believed that good get along include reviewing the messages attached by all your resources and the experiences offered as it is part of the class teachers role to extend new-made childrens understanding beyond their deliver back drive (Lindon 2001). Practice indoors the pointting reflected her beliefs as the class teacher gave the east Europea n child, chances to share with the class things that they did in their family.As his English was not advanced he a great deal showed pictures and brought in things that he had legitimate from church. Not solitary(prenominal) does such workout support the beliefs on Lindon, yet it give carewise helps the class teacher witness inclusion body guidelines from the national Inclusion educational activity which highlights the magnificence of teachers universe aware of the antithetic experiences, interests and strengths pupils develop with them to school and how they should figure their approaches to teaching and attainment so that pupils can take part in lessons fully and effectively (DfE 2008).As the observed child was being boost to share his experiences one and lonesome(prenominal)(a) is able to see how this guidance is being come throughd. This leads one to seek other strategies that foster diversity. In particular(prenominal) a model of best practice sic in cor rect a different approach to teaching children from diverse backgrounds due to the in particular high rime of children learnedness EAL (Appendix 5). In this background signal, professionals encouraged cultural diversity by allowing, when necessary, children to use their office linguistic processs.Support for this belief has been seen indoors the Plowden newspaper which in addition embraces the child centred philosophy (Bourne 2001). as well as query by the United Nations educational, Scientific, and heathen Organisation (UNESCO 1953) supports this view, propounding that the household wording is the best medium for instruction and for literacy development and should be used for as long as feasible. An explanation for this would be that because the fundament language facilitates subject education and literacy development it is the means through which a child absorbs the cultural environment (UNESCO 195347).It is through employ this language that the school believed its children were going to learn to the highest degree, as they progress to a greater understanding of what they are being taught. However, the fix backdrop chose to meet childrens diverse postulate differently. Instead they did not shed light on the child with EAL only if instead often supported him by specialization, much of which composite informal methods of transcription and larn. Particular supply which supported his Eastern European culture was a exclusively class Ourselves stem that was covered for a whole term.During this eon he was encouraged to bring in objects or photographs of things from his culture to share with his peers (Appendix 6). statute law which supports this practice can be found within the Every Child Matters framework, which recognises the impressiveness of preparing all children to live in a diverse, multi-ethnic society (DfES 2004). star could palisade that the observed mount achieves this by recognising every childs differences and thei r several(prenominal)(a) contributions to the class. competent support alike emerges for within the content class framework, which as well as highlights the splendour of responding to pupils diverse needs, in particular the document details how teachers need to be aware of the different experiences, interests and strengths pupils bring from their range of diverse backgrounds (DfEE 1999). Having observed the very differing practice in two backdrops, one is able to settle a judgement as to which appears to be roughly effectively rendering for the diverse needs of its pupils. whizz would be disposed to show that teaching children from an Eastern European background in their position language, isolates them and does not occasion an inclusive environment, and instead draws attention to their differences. It could to a fault be beseechd that their social development is promising to suffer, as fundamental interaction with peers is likely to be limited to those who were a ble to speak their home language.As a trainee teacher one would be inclined to believe that the most effective office would be to recognise pupils differences and value their contributions, whether that be through tidings and by recognising difference, through demonstrations and visitor or the showing of differences and traditions. It could therefore be conclude out that the furnish within the fix setting effectively achieved this. Having look ford and evaluated the effectiveness of a phase of inclusive teaching strategies, one becomes interested in analysing other ways that the class teacher is able to meet pupils diverse needs.This leads one to seek how the skill environment can be used to enhance such practice. In becoming familiar with the Early Years statutory framework it becomes apparent that the encyclopedism environment plays an important role, and as a result has been made one its briny principles, kn bear as Enabling Environments. The establishment document hi ghlights how The environment plays a nominate role in musical accompaniment and extending childrens development and learning (DCSF 2008).To put it precisely the document encourages class teachers to use the learning environment to meet the diverse needs of all children. At the rangement setting the arrangement of the somatogenic environment was particularly important, especially for the focus child with SEN whose physical impairments needed catering for. Had the schoolroom not been arranged effectively, his level of involvement and interaction with adults and children would have been affected (NAEYC 199143).During my time at the setting I observed many adaptions to the environment to suit his individual needs, these adaptions included the use of a chair for him during whole class sessions, large spaces between tables so he could walk rough the classroom with ease and as the he was scummy than the majority of children in the class all equipment and resources were checked at the start of the term to ensure that they were accessible to him (Appendix 7).Such adaptions as those described warrant support from researchers capital of Zimbabwe & metalworker (1993) who encourage spatial accommodations that make it possible for children with special educational needs to participate in the classroom (Salisbury & Smith 1993). Similar support can also be found within the SEN enroll of practice, which describes how schools may need to use specialiser equipment, approaches and adapted activities for some children to ensure that they are fully included (DfES 2001).As well as these adaptions made for the child with SEN, equal adaptions were put in place to include and meet the diverse needs of the Eastern European child who could speak very little English. Perhaps the most pellucid of these was the classrooms printed resources which reflected the Polish language spoken by the focus child as well as the English language and a picture that could be universally unde rstood by all.Such practice not only satisfies recommendations within the SEN code of practice, in sympathetic ways to adaptions made for the focus child with cerebral palsy, but it also meets guidance set out within the more recent document Removing Barriers to AchievementThe organisations strategy for SEN (2004). It details how teachers must make readying that enables individuals to participate effectively in the curriculum and assessment activities (DfE 2004). One could bespeak that the described practice reflects this as the hild is being encouraged to learn by being given the same opportunities as the rest of the class as oppose to being disadvantaged by his inability to understand labels and displays around the room. Having verbalize this, models of best practice take this inclusion one tonicity farther and highlight areas where the observed setting could be more thorough and significantly improve their practice. Provision in place at these settings included protracted bilingual websites, parent classes and translated earn (Appendix 8).Such practice finds support from researcher Cummings (1991) who believes extensive adaptions and changes to a learning environment are necessary if settings are to be inclusive. Having said this, it could be argued that the smaller adaptions that the placement setting had made, were also going some way to opposition his beliefs, despite them not being to the extent of the models of best practice. To further settle this rail line is the practicality of implementing adaptions such as translated letters and bilingual websites as they require bilingual skills, time and money that many schools do not have access to.As a result one would be inclined to believe the observed placement settings sweats to be diverse and inclusive met contemporary legislation sufficiently without placing unnecessary pressures on the class teachers role. As well as the physical learning environment being important when supporting childre n with diverse needs so is the unrestrained learning environment, which involves ensuring that children enjoy and want to achieve at school. Such beliefs are reflected within the Every Child Matters document, with one of its coveted outcomes, being that of enjoy and achieve (HMSO 2004).In order that children are motivated to learn it is important that the work is set at a level that is suitable for them, that it is achievable, but also a challenge. harmonize to NASP, Children are naturally curious they want to explore and discover. If their explorations bring pleasure or winner, they will want to learn more (NASP 2003). To relate this to attainment, if children experience success and achievement in their work they want to take this further and are motivated to learn.This is where the use of distinction is particularly effective, as work can be set at more achievable levels so that all children are able to experience success (Appendix 9). The importance of this has been highlighte d by governance, claiming that differentiation helps the school to meet the learning needs of all pupils (DFE 1994). This has also been reinforced within the National Curriculum and within the EYFS which both indicate that meeting the individual needs of all children is rally to their beliefs (DCSF 2008 DfEE 1999).Similarly the study of differentiation by Westwood (1997) recognises its benefits particularly when catering for those who have a barrier to learning. During my placement experience it was evident that both the child with EAL and the child with SEN were having their needs met using differentiation on a daily basis (Appendix 10). Despite seeing both focus children react positively to the differentiation in place, on a couple of occasions comments were made towards them about their work being easier.Such observations support the belief that when differentiation is not done effectively, it can realise segregation within the classroom (Hart 1992). By meeting one set of Nati onal Curriculum and Early Years inclusion guidelines, obstacles may be put in place, preventing the reaching of others. For caseful in meeting the diverse needs of all through obvious differentiation they may actually point out the differences between children and make certain children see excluded (DCSF 2008 DfEE 1999).As a trainee teacher, one could attempt to build on the observations made, taking the positive strategies that were seen, such as the different methods of recording pupils work and build on this so that the more negative aspects could be minimised. In particular segregation and exclusion could be reduced by changing the severalize groups regularly, according to pupil progress and between subjects. This would potentially make it more difficult for children to understand that they are grouped and being given work according to ability.This leads one to analyse how assessment can be used to help class teachers cater for childrens diverse needs. As the range of needs w ithin a class is evident, even from hardly focussing on two pupils with additional needs, the importance of individual assessment is obvious if these individual needs are going to be catered for. This importance has been recognised within the Primary National Strategy which details how assessment for learning is the process of seeking and interpreting separate for use by teachers to decide where the learners are in their learning, where they need to go and how best to get there (DfES 2004a 13).The placement setting managed to achieve this through observation, which appeared to be particularly successful for the children with SEN and with EAL, as they had difficulty with communicating their ideas and responses (Appendix 11). This use of observation for assessment is support by theorist who believes that. Using this theory and the observed practice during placement, as a trainee one would want to implement mistakable practice so that all childrens needs are catered for and this is not just limited to those that have the ability to hand their ideas.When focusing on the personalisation of learning, the focus child with cerebral palsy had a number of additional measures in place for him that ensured his inclusion in the mainstream classroom. Unlike all children with SEN, his disability meant that he had been given a statement of Special Educational Needs and as a result he benefitted from a matched teaching assistant for a number of hours a week. Not only does this form of support cater for his specific needs but it also put him at the centre of this learning. An idea ab initio detailed within the Plowden Report (1967).The report put forward ideas originally investigated by Piaget, recommending child-centred education and discovery learning to be used to integrate children following Piagets belief that all children learn at different rates and was in spare of waiting until they were ready to move onto a further stage or system (Piaget 1965). One would ther efore argue that it is from research such as this that the quality of teaching and learning has improved for many children they are now encouraged to develop at their own rate and pace.Having said this, the argument is not one sided, with some researchers accept that Piagets theory of school zeal was impractical in practice. For example in a class with thirty children, is it living for the teacher, to know the exact state of readiness for every child, and to set individual work? On a practical level, this is not possible suggesting Piagets theory is unrealistic.It is not feasible for the child with SEN to always have work set at his own individual level merely during the few hours that he is given one-to-one support more challenging work and activities that he would not be able of tackling only when are addressed, Physical Education being one of these areas (Appendix 12). Such practice meets recommendation within the Strategy for Special Educational Needs (2004) which details that successful inclusion is set(p) by the quality of their experience how they are helped to learn, achieve, and participate fully in the life of the school (DfE 200425).One could argue the way that the extra support is used within the setting improves the quality of childrens experiences. Support within literature comes from Vygotsky (1978) accept adults not only support children but also encourage progression through scaffolding. In his view it is not only important to focus on what children can do unaided and within their capacity but also what they can do with adult support (Gindis 1998). increase is dependent on learning and through learning they develop. Learning should be matched to the childs level of development but should also take them beyond it (Duffy 199892). though formal and informal observations completed by the one-to-one assistant and the class teacher, they are able to see what the child is capable of without support and then build on this during his one-to-on e time. This personalisation of learning for the child with SEN is also met through his Individual Education throw (IEP) which is used to support his individual learning needs (Appendix 13).Support for such practice was not only seen from the parents of the focus child and the class teacher (Appendix 13) but can also be seen within judicature legislation, both within the Education Act (1996) and the SEN enroll of Practice (2001), which highlight the importance of identification and assessment of pupils with special educational needs (DfES 2001). Putting in place an IEP is one way of achieving recommendations within the SEN Code of Practice which details how schools should match provision to childrens SEN in response of their individual needs (DfES 2001).The implementation of his IEP demonstrates inclusion as the class teacher uses his targets to direct his learning and set him goals to achieve, in a similar way that his peers are achieving their early learning goals. Despite the placement setting appearing to use IEPs successfully some research exists to dispute them, particularly regarding their involvement of parents. According to Rock (2000) in some cases parents shade that educational programs have already been determined before they are involved in their childs IEP meetings and therefore they may not agree with the progress and the electric charge of the development being encouraged.Such a claim, disputes initial reasoning for such practice being put in place as legislation emphasised co-ordinated practice with parents so that they had an opportunity to plan the most appropriate program for their children on base the professionals (Friend 2005 Goldstein & Turnbull 1982 Martin et al 2004). However if this research is to be used to form an argument against the success of IEPs, its validity most be investigated. One could argue that Rock (2000) appears to be warp as she is an SEN teacher whom appears to have broken faith in the education system.She appears to be putting into interrogative mood the effectiveness of the IEP program because of individual cases that were not successful, rather than legal opinion each case individually. In addition to this her research appears to be establish on only a very small number of cases, leaving one to question whether her research is to generalising and judgemental. Having taken both of these points into reflection research one would be inclined to dismiss this research on the grounds that it is not valid enough to create an argument against IEPs. Instead one would be better to judge the success of IEPs based on the practice seen on placement.Having gained an understanding of how parents can support class teachers in meeting the diverse needs of children, attention is turned to other outside support that my also aid teachers in providing effective provision. In particular is the support addressable to cater for the diverse needs of pupils, like the focus child with EAL. The Ethnic no nage Achievement Grant (EMAG) is a government scheme ran via the Department for Children Schools and Families (DCFS) allocated on a need based formula to all Local Authorities (NALDIC 2010) (Appendix 13).Support of this good-natured was investigated during the placement however it was made see the light because they did not have high rime of children learning EAL that they were unable to access this support. One could argue that no matter how many children the school have to cater for that have EAL, they still need provision to meet childrens diverse needs and for this reason they should all have access to this government support. Research conducted by Sure graduation supports this, as they believe, there is a overleap of access to expert support for growing good practice in equal opportunities and cultural awareness (Sure Start 2004).In the case of the EMAG expertise is available however for work to be carried out more widely additional funding needs to be allocated (Sure Sta rt 2004). Using Lincolnshire as an example, research from Sure Start shows how only a small number of settings have had access to this grant, meaning those benefiting from Government support is very limited. However one could learn that if settings are lucky enough to have access to this type of support, it would enable class teachers to provide even better provision than that seen during the placement experience.Having analysed research, legislation, literature and my placement experience throughout this assignment, one begins to conclude what provision most successfully allows class teachers to inclusively meet the diverse needs of pupils. Play is a particularly valuable strategy which can effectively cater for a diverse range of needs. Resources, toys and book can also be incorporate into play to encourage childrens acceptance of diversity. The physical and emotional learning environment also plays a vital role, as it motivates learners and helps removes barriers to childrens le arning.The learning environment was analysed in depth when focusing on the needs of two children within the placement setting. Provision showed how the class teacher met the needs of the child with a physical impairment by arranging resources at a lower level, by good-looking him a chair to sit on as oppose to the carpet and create more free space around the room for his of access. Similarly classroom displays and labels reflected the home language of an Eastern European child so that he had equal opportunities to understand and access these resources as his peers.Other suggested strategies as seen in models of best practice included bilingual websites, parent classes and translated letters so families of EAL children can actively support the setting in meeting childrens diverse needs. Other strategies that class teachers may use to personalise leaning include differentiation, one-to-one teaching and IEPs, however all of these have faced an element of dispute, whether that be on th e grounds that they are based on traditional theories or that modern researchers have proven more updated theories.

Spyware on Children’s Computers; Regorian Rhetoric

P arnts as Undercover Cops Spyw ar is any engineering science that aids in gathering information or so a person or organization with bring out their go throughledge. On the lucre, spyw argon is programming that is model in near anes com disgorgeer to secretly gather information slightly the user and relay it to advertisers or opposite implicated parties. In this case, the other interested parties ar overtake ups. P arnts be becoming to a greater extent and more valueive of their kids. more or less(prenominal) are now becoming open to the c onceit of putting spyware on their s grantrrens computers when previously that was unthought-of.No upshot what integritys particular outlook on this subject is, in that respect are pros and cons of each side, and most expectm to merchant shipt over largely on one side or the other, as opposed to cosmos more in the middle. There are legion(predicate) harmful traps on the internet, however does that justify tracking c lawrens both keystroke on their computer? Harlan Coben believes spyware is more than justified. In Cobens article, The Undercover Parent, Coben states that fires are over encourageive of their kids in numerous a(prenominal) other aspects, much(prenominal) as knowing their passwords to their phones, oversight them at all(prenominal) notwithstandingts, and so on.So why die them their independence when it comes to the internet? I image what he means and even agree with his reasoning in some demeanors. Coben says that the ones doing the surveillance are not some government officials they are loving sustains nerve-racking to protect their offspring. This argument is valid becausal agency it shows that the parents who choose to put the computer software in computers are really just trying to keep their kids go around interest in mind, and those who equal it to being surveyed by a government say-so or something of the like is ludicrous.Some baby birdren are at try of be ing harmed through the internet, and do require that surveillance. The squirtren that are unknowingly communicating with a pedophile, or the 43% of teens that shelter been victims of cyber bullying in the last year, could wee had a misadventure of being sufficeed if their parents had spyware software d acceptloaded onto their computer. ( burst Cyber intimidate Before it Starts) Of course, what-ifs are unceasingly going to be asked, and on that point is no style that spyware can solve these problems fully. Pedophilia and cyber bullying are both serious issues and accept to be stopped.Yes, spyware could help the problem. Yes, spyware could alert or notify a parent if one of these two activities is going on, which could be passing beneficial. I agree that spyware should be used in these very specific situations. Coben also believes that having this program reinforces to children the position that the internet is not a haven of privacy. In an academic journal article regard ing Facebook, a website that many children and teens are using, it is written that We need to teach them that zero point IS PRIVATE online, especially their social networks (Fodeman). solely children need to understand and acknowledge that the internet is not private, but even more so those who use social networking, because once something is typed and sent, uploaded, or anything, it can never be taken back or deleted. Sure you can off certain things, but somewhere it is noneffervescent out there, and it can be retrieved if deemed necessary. Everyone has access to posts online, and if the reason they are not misusing the internet is because of their fear of the spyware, so so be it.There is a fine line in the midst of being responsibly protective and irresponsibly nosy, Coben argues. If a parent is going to have spyware on their childrens computer, they need to be doing so for the correct reasons. Doing so because there is a harmful behavior being engaged without another(preno minal) way to stop it is ample sufficiency of reasoning. However, trying to be filled in on the latest gossip and recoverings in the childs action is not going to overturn it. Parents are supposed to be liable and feel out for harmful and negative behaviors.They should not be abusing their powers or the putzs given to them to help ensure their love childs online sentry go and protection. I do tend to agree with the various arguments that Coben uses to validate his claims, save I have two different opinions on the use of spyware technololgy. If ones child is dishonest, engaging in shady or risky behavior, install the spyware. If a parent has real evidence that their child is harming him or herself, then the parent has a responsibility to help and protect the child even though their child may not ask the watchful eye.It is more than decorous for parents whose children have engaged in some assortment of dangerous behavior, to tell them If you dont concern your responsibi lities to take fretfulness of yourself and to stay safe, then Im going to take whatever stairs necessary. If that means looking in your room, looking in your drawers and looking on your computer, thats totally what Im prepared to do (Lehman). That way the child will know there is a possibility of a spyware being put on their computer and are not caught off guard if something from the spywares report were to be brought up in the future.The safety of ones children should be number one on the parents list and they need to be adequate to do what is deemed necessary in order to protect. development emails, having the knowledge of what they search for online, and seeing all of their communication theory may be necessary for certain situations. The situations where spyware should be put on childrens computers are sole(prenominal) in positive cases of dishonesty, incriminating behavior, or shadowy activities. Spyware may not be the most trenchant way to protect children, but in su ch(prenominal) cases the spyware could definitely help the situation.Besides extreme cases, ultimately parents having spyware on their childrens electronic devices without their knowledge are more harmful than beneficial. A survey conducted of undergraduate students in the United States showed that 64% indicated they strongly disagreed with the statement that spyware is more beneficial than harmful. (Freeman) The main reason putting spyware on a childs computer that has carry nothing wrong is harmful, is because the kinship between parent and child will most likely be impacted negatively when the child figures out there is spyware on their computer.If parents have children that meet their curfew, take care of their responsibilities, and the like, there is no reason to snoop on them. Good behavior should be rewarded, and telling your child that the lack of interference in her personal seat is a direct result of her good behavior reinforces the trust given to that child. Spyware d oes not aide in creating independence or individuation. A goal of parenting should be to raise a young adult who can shake off independent decisions and who can have a life of their own. Teenagers are continuously trying to be individuals and want more independence.Part of having a life of their own is having a space of their own. When parents spy on their responsible child, the message they are sending is that even though the child has not done anything wrong, the child still needs to be watched and is not trustworthy. Also, children and teens usually know an awful lot more about computers and engineering than adults do. Because of the difference in generations, most teens and children know how to slow down for spyware, how to disable it, and how to get slightly it, more a good deal than not without the parent knowing what has happened.It is impossible for a parent to keep tabs and know absolutely everything their child does, which they should not, and sometimes it is better this way. Even if a child does not find a way around the spyware, are parents really prepared to know their childs secrets that are not harmful to themselves, such as inner activity, although can be harmful in some cases, or sexual orientation? Sometimes it is best to be ignorant. Parents should not go looking for things that if they knew would cause issues in the family tearing them apart.What is the worst that children can get into on the internet? Parents have to understand that their kids are human, and in turn let them be human. They are going to want to try new things, and exploring the internet is probably going to be one of those things. What is so bad about that anyway? It will not corrupt them nothing corrupts people but other people. It is not the internet doing the corrupting, it is those behind what is being shown and put out there, those that are typing in schmooze rooms and writing their blogs.It is easy to view kids as possessions, like pets that have to be pampere d and hidden from the world, but they are people just the same, and they have to make their own decisions even if they arent good ones. A teenager deserves their privacy just as much as anyone, including their parents. I believe that if parents have taught their children well, with morals and the ups and downs of life and the internet, they need to trust that their child has been taught well enough to not misuse the internet and all of its capabilities.Joe Kelly, break away of a national advocacy group called Dads and Daughters, states that Markets walkaway on this fear that something horrific is going to happen to your child, when the odds of that are minuscule. It might happen, but to have their whole childhood predicated on this remote possibility is, in the aggregate, even more damaging. (Crary) Spyware really undermines all of the trust that the parent and child have with one another. In a survey of 1,006 AOL users, 74. 2% express they perceived spyware to be a personal thre at. (Poston) Spyware is seen as a personal threat to so many citizens because of its demoralizing and disrespectful nature. I would not want it done to me, my parents would not want it done to them, and I do not think teaching children that it is ok to have a spyware on someone else is hearty or just. The choice between installing spyware on a childs computer or not too, can relate to one another and meet in the middle. In some extreme cases where there is no longer an ounce of trust, spyware should be put on childrens computers to protect them from themselves and others.Although in most cases, spyware is not acceptable because of the harm it does to the relationship between parent and child, and the toll it takes on trust, individualism, and privacy. Parents should have some type of control condition over their childs internet practise. Blocking some sites, such as porn or self-harm/suicide connect sites, is beneficial and sufficient. Having the computers in the house being pu t in open areas, such as an region or living room, can also control what children do on the computer because of the fact that they are aware that anybody can walk by and see what is on the screen.There are also parental controls that make it so the internet is only available at the times set up by the parents. Parents that are still uncomfortable with these alternatives could also have a password set up that one would need to log onto the computer, and only the parent would know that password. That way, if a child wants to use the computer, the parent will always know if they are on it. You should also palaver to your children about the dangers of the internet so that they recognize fly-by-night behavior or activity.In order to teach more about internet safety instead of alone trying to avoid it, parents need to Discuss the risks of share-out certain types of information (e. g. , they theyre home alone) and the benefits to only communicating and sharing information with people t hey know. (Householder) All of these alternative suggestions, used solely or by incorporating them all, is a much more useful tool in monitoring computer and internet usage rather than using a spyware. The alternative to spyware does not damage trust, lets the child have needed amounts of privacy, and up to now still lets the reins be in the parents hands.Works Cited Coben, Harlan. The Undercover Parent. New York Times16 Mar. 2008 n. pag. Print. Crary, David. ground forces TODAY. USATODAY. COM. N. p. , 05 Sept. 20122. Web. 17 Mar. 2013. Fodeman, Doug, and Marje Monroe. The Impact Of Facebook On Our Students. Teacher bibliothec36. 5 (2009) 36-40. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Mar. 2013. Freeman, downwind A. , and Andrew Urbaczewski. Why Do People Hate Spyware? communications Of The ACM48. 8 (2005) 50-53. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Mar. 2013. Householder, Allen, and Mindi McDowell. security system Tip (ST05-002). Keeping Children Safe Online. US surgical incision of Hom eland Security, 16 Feb. 2013. Web. 20 Mar. 2013 Lehman, James. Newsletter Signup. Empowering Parents. N. p. , n. d. Web. 21 Mar. 2013. Poston, Robin, Thomas F. Stafford, and Amy Hennington. Software A View From The (Online) Street. communication theory Of The ACM48. 8 (2005) 96-99. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Mar. 2013. Stop Cyber bullying Before It Starts. NCPC. com. National Crime legal community Council, n. d. Web. 17 Mar. 2013.